Строки — вид действия, столбцы — время. В каждой клетке — формула и пример с глаголом work.
| Вид | Present — настоящее | Past — прошедшее | Future — будущее |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple — факт, регулярность | V1, с he / she / it — V1 + s: I work, she works | V2: I worked, I went | will + V1: I will work |
| Continuous — процесс | am / is / are + V-ing: I am working | was / were + V-ing: I was working | will be + V-ing: I will be working |
| Perfect — результат к моменту | have / has + V3: I have worked | had + V3: I had worked | will have + V3: I will have worked |
| Perfect Continuous — процесс до момента | have / has been + V-ing: I have been working | had been + V-ing: I had been working | will have been + V-ing: I will have been working |
V2 и V3 — вторая и третья форма глагола: у правильных глаголов это -ed, у неправильных — своя форма, см. таблицу неправильных глаголов.
Утверждение, отрицание и вопрос
| Время | Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос | Когда |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I work, she works | I don't work, she doesn't work | Do you work? Does she work? | факт, привычка, расписание |
| Present Continuous | I am working | I'm not working | Are you working? | сейчас, временно, план |
| Present Perfect | I have worked | I haven't worked | Have you worked? | результат к настоящему, опыт |
| Present Perfect Continuous | I have been working | I haven't been working | Have you been working? | процесс до сейчас, сколько длится |
| Past Simple | I worked | I didn't work | Did you work? | законченное действие в прошлом |
| Past Continuous | I was working | I wasn't working | Were you working? | процесс в момент в прошлом |
| Past Perfect | I had worked | I hadn't worked | Had you worked? | раньше другого действия в прошлом |
| Past Perfect Continuous | I had been working | I hadn't been working | Had you been working? | процесс до момента в прошлом |
| Future Simple | I will work | I won't work | Will you work? | решение сейчас, прогноз, обещание |
| Future Continuous | I will be working | I won't be working | Will you be working? | процесс в момент в будущем |
| Future Perfect | I will have worked | I won't have worked | Will you have worked? | будет сделано к моменту |
| Future Perfect Continuous | I will have been working | I won't have been working | Will you have been working? | сколько будет длиться к моменту |
Маркеры и примеры
| Время | Маркеры | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | always, usually, often, every day, on Mondays | She works in a bank. — Она работает в банке. |
| Present Continuous | now, at the moment, today, this week, Look! | I'm reading now. — Я сейчас читаю. |
| Present Perfect | already, just, yet, ever, never, recently | I've already eaten. — Я уже поел. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | for, since, how long, all day, lately | I've been waiting for an hour. — Я жду уже час. |
| Past Simple | yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020 | We met two years ago. — Мы познакомились два года назад. |
| Past Continuous | at 5 pm yesterday, when, while, all evening | I was sleeping when you called. — Я спал, когда ты позвонил. |
| Past Perfect | before, after, by the time, already | The train had left before we arrived. — Поезд ушёл до того, как мы приехали. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | for, since — до момента в прошлом | She had been working there for ten years before she left. — Она проработала там десять лет, прежде чем уйти. |
| Future Simple | tomorrow, next week, I think, probably | I think it will rain. — Думаю, пойдёт дождь. |
| Future Continuous | this time tomorrow, at 8 pm tomorrow | This time tomorrow I'll be flying to Rome. — Завтра в это время я буду лететь в Рим. |
| Future Perfect | by Friday, by the time, by then | I'll have finished by Friday. — Я закончу к пятнице. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | by … for | By June I'll have been working here for five years. — К июню будет пять лет, как я здесь работаю. |
