Have got = have, «у меня есть»: I've got a car = I have a car. С he, she, it — has got. Вопрос без do: Have you got a pen? Когда have got нельзя.
Have got = have — «у меня есть»: I've got a car = I have a car. С he, she, it — has got: She's got blue eyes.
В английском языке есть два способа сказать, что у вас что-то есть: have и have got. Оба варианта правильны, но используются по-разному в зависимости от контекста, стиля речи и варианта английского (британский или американский).
| Лицо | Форма | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have | I have a car. |
| You | You have | You have a nice house. |
| He | He has | He has two brothers. |
| She | She has | She has long hair. |
| It | It has | It has four legs. |
| We | We have | We have a big family. |
| They | They have | They have three children. |
Запомните: для he/she/it форма — has, для всех остальных — have.
| Лицо | Полная форма | Сокращённая форма | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I do not have | I don't have | I don't have a pet. |
| You | You do not have | You don't have | You don't have time. |
| He | He does not have | He doesn't have | He doesn't have a car. |
| She | She does not have | She doesn't have | She doesn't have any sisters. |
| It | It does not have | It doesn't have | It doesn't have a garden. |
| We | We do not have | We don't have | We don't have enough money. |
| They | They do not have | They don't have | They don't have any children. |
| Лицо | Вопрос | Краткий ответ (да) | Краткий ответ (нет) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Do I have...? | Yes, you do. | No, you don't. |
| You | Do you have...? | Yes, I do. | No, I don't. |
| He | Does he have...? | Yes, he does. | No, he doesn't. |
| She | Does she have...? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn't. |
| It | Does it have...? | Yes, it does. | No, it doesn't. |
| We | Do we have...? | Yes, we do. | No, we don't. |
| They | Do they have...? | Yes, they do. | No, they don't. |
Do you have a pen? — У тебя есть ручка? Does she have any experience? — У неё есть опыт?
| Лицо | Полная форма | Сокращённая форма | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I have got | I've got | I've got a new phone. |
| You | You have got | You've got | You've got a beautiful garden. |
| He | He has got | He's got | He's got blue eyes. |
| She | She has got | She's got | She's got a good job. |
| It | It has got | It's got | It's got a long tail. |
| We | We have got | We've got | We've got two dogs. |
| They | They have got | They've got | They've got a lot of friends. |
Внимание: сокращение He's got может быть похоже на He is. Различайте по контексту:
- He's a doctor. = He is a doctor.
- He's got a car. = He has got a car.
| Лицо | Полная форма | Сокращённая форма | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I have not got | I haven't got | I haven't got any money. |
| You | You have not got | You haven't got | You haven't got a ticket. |
| He | He has not got | He hasn't got | He hasn't got a girlfriend. |
| She | She has not got | She hasn't got | She hasn't got any free time. |
| It | It has not got | It hasn't got | It hasn't got a name. |
| We | We have not got | We haven't got | We haven't got enough chairs. |
| They | They have not got | They haven't got | They haven't got a TV. |
Обратите внимание: в have got отрицание образуется без do/does — просто добавляем not после have/has.
| Лицо | Вопрос | Краткий ответ (да) | Краткий ответ (нет) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Have I got...? | Yes, you have. | No, you haven't. |
| You | Have you got...? | Yes, I have. | No, I haven't. |
| He | Has he got...? | Yes, he has. | No, he hasn't. |
| She | Has she got...? | Yes, she has. | No, she hasn't. |
| It | Has it got...? | Yes, it has. | No, it hasn't. |
| We | Have we got...? | Yes, we have. | No, we haven't. |
| They | Have they got...? | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. |
Have you got a pen? — У тебя есть ручка? Has she got any experience? — У неё есть опыт?
| Критерий | have | have got |
|---|---|---|
| Утверждение | I have a car. | I've got a car. |
| Отрицание | I don't have a car. | I haven't got a car. |
| Вопрос | Do you have a car? | Have you got a car? |
| Краткий ответ (да) | Yes, I do. | Yes, I have. |
| Краткий ответ (нет) | No, I don't. | No, I haven't. |
| Вспомогательный | do/does | have/has (сам себе) |
| Стиль | Нейтральный, универсальный | Более разговорный |
| Вариант английского | Предпочитают в AmE | Предпочитают в BrE |
| Прошедшее время | I had a car. | |
| С действиями | I have breakfast. |
Ключевое правило: have got используется только в Present Simple. Для прошедшего времени, будущего и других времён используйте have/had/will have.
| Британский английский (BrE) | Американский английский (AmE) | |
|---|---|---|
| Предпочтительная форма | have got | have |
| «У меня есть машина» | I've got a car. | I have a car. |
| «У тебя есть?» | Have you got a car? | Do you have a car? |
| «У неё нет» | She hasn't got a car. | She doesn't have a car. |
| В формальной речи | Обе формы | Обычно have |
Важно: оба варианта понятны и правильны в любой стране. Выбирайте тот, который вам удобнее, и придерживайтесь его.
Основное значение — сказать, что у вас есть что-то:
I have a new laptop. — У меня есть новый ноутбук. She's got a red bicycle. — У неё есть красный велосипед. They don't have a garden. — У них нет сада. Have you got any cash? — У тебя есть наличные? We've got a big house. — У нас большой дом.
I have two brothers and one sister. — У меня два брата и одна сестра. She's got three children. — У неё трое детей. Does he have any relatives in Moscow? — У него есть родственники в Москве? They haven't got any grandchildren yet. — У них ещё нет внуков. He's got a wonderful wife. — У него замечательная жена.
She has long blonde hair. — У неё длинные светлые волосы. He's got green eyes. — У него зелёные глаза. The cat has got a fluffy tail. — У кота пушистый хвост. Does the house have a balcony? — У дома есть балкон? This room has two windows. — В этой комнате два окна.
I have a headache. — У меня болит голова. She's got a cold. — Она простудилась (у неё простуда). He has a fever. — У него температура. I've got a toothache. — У меня болит зуб. Have you got a sore throat? — У тебя болит горло?
I have an idea! — У меня есть идея! She's got a lot of experience. — У неё большой опыт. We don't have enough time. — У нас недостаточно времени. Do you have any questions? — У вас есть вопросы? He has a good sense of humour. — У него хорошее чувство юмора. They've got a problem. — У них проблема.
Когда have означает действие (а не владение), форма have got не используется:
| Выражение | Значение | Правильно | Неправильно |
|---|---|---|---|
| have breakfast/lunch/dinner | завтракать/обедать/ужинать | I have breakfast at 8. | |
| have a shower/bath | принимать душ/ванну | She has a shower every morning. | |
| have a good time | хорошо проводить время | We are having a good time. | |
| have a rest | отдыхать | I need to have a rest. | |
| have a walk | гулять | Let's have a walk. | |
| have a look | посмотреть | Have a look at this! | |
| have a drink | выпить | Do you want to have a drink? |
Правило: если have = действие → используйте только have (без got). Форму have got можно использовать только когда have = иметь, обладать.
Встречи и вечеринки — особый случай. Если событие стоит в расписании, have got возможен: I've got a meeting at 3. We've got a party on Saturday. — у меня встреча в 3, у нас в субботу вечеринка. Если же речь о самом действии, нужен have: They are having a party right now.
| Ситуация | Правильно | Неправильно |
|---|---|---|
| Прошедшее время | I had a dog. | |
| Будущее время | I will have a new job. | |
| После модальных глаголов | I must have a passport. | |
| После to (инфинитив) | I want to have a break. | |
| Present Perfect | I have had this car for 5 years. |
Запомните: have got существует только в Present Simple. Во всех остальных временах и конструкциях используйте have.
Иногда have got используется не для владения, а для обязательства (= must, have to):
I've got to go now. = I have to go now. — Мне нужно идти. She's got to finish this today. = She has to finish this today. — Ей нужно закончить это сегодня. We've got to hurry. = We have to hurry. — Нам нужно спешить.
Это очень разговорная форма, особенно в британском английском.
❌ She have got a cat. ✅ She has got a cat. / She's got a cat. She/he/it → has got, а не have got.
❌ He have two sisters. ✅ He has two sisters. He/she/it → has, а не have.
❌ I have got to car. ✅ I have got a car. / I've got a car. Нужен артикль a/an перед исчисляемым существительным.
❌ Does she has a dog? ✅ Does she have a dog? После does глагол в базовой форме (have, не has).
❌ Have she got a dog? ✅ Has she got a dog? She/he/it → has, а не have.
❌ I haven't a car. ✅ I haven't got a car. / I don't have a car. Нельзя просто «haven't» без «got» (устаревшая форма).
❌ She's got breakfast every morning. ✅ She has breakfast every morning. Have breakfast — это действие, нельзя использовать have got.
❌ I had got a bicycle when I was a child. ✅ I had a bicycle when I was a child. Have got не используется в прошедшем времени.
❌ Do you have got a pen? ✅ Have you got a pen? / Do you have a pen? Нельзя смешивать: либо do + have, либо have got (без do).
❌ They hasn't got any money. ✅ They haven't got any money. They → haven't (не hasn't). Hasn't только для he/she/it.
| Ситуация | Have | Have Got |
|---|---|---|
| Владение, семья, внешность, болезни | I have a car. | I've got a car. |
| Действия (breakfast, shower, a walk) | I have breakfast. | --- |
| Прошедшее время | I had a car. | --- |
| Будущее время | I will have a car. | --- |
| После модальных глаголов | I must have a passport. | --- |
| Инфинитив (to have) | I want to have a rest. | --- |
| Обязательство (= have to) | I have to go. | I've got to go. |
Знать правило и применять его — не одно и то же. Линграмора найдёт ошибки и объяснит каждую по-русски. Первые проверки — прямо здесь, без регистрации.
По смыслу разницы нет: I have a car и I've got a car значат «у меня есть машина». Have got — разговорная форма, она чаще звучит в британском английском; have — нейтральная и обычная в американском. Правильны обе.
Has got — с he, she, it и существительным в единственном числе: She has got a cat. My brother has got a new phone. Have got — с I, you, we, they: They have got two dogs. В речи обычно сокращают: she's got, they've got.
Поставьте have / has перед подлежащим, а got — после него: Have you got a pen? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. С обычным have вопрос строят через do: Do you have a pen? — Yes, I do. Смешивать нельзя: Do you have got a pen? — ошибка.
Have got говорит о владении: что у вас есть. Если have обозначает действие — завтракать, принимать душ, отдыхать, — нужен обычный have: I have breakfast at 8. She has a shower every morning.
Нет, о прошлом говорят через had: I had a bicycle when I was a child, а не I had got a bicycle. В будущем — will have: I will have a new job.