Пассив в любом времени — be в нужной форме + V3: is done, was done, is being done, has been done, will be done. Таблица всех времён и active → passive
Пассив в любом времени — be в нужной форме + V3. Меняется только be, смысловой глагол всегда в третьей форме:
| Время | Пассив | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am/is/are + V3 | The room is cleaned. |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 | The room was cleaned. |
| Present Perfect | have/has been + V3 | The room has been cleaned. |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 | The room will be cleaned. |
Continuous — с being: is being cleaned, was being cleaned. Past Perfect — had been + V3.
Базовые формы Passive Voice (Present Simple и Past Simple) — это только начало. Страдательный залог можно образовать практически в любом времени английского языка: в Continuous, Perfect и Future. Главный принцип остаётся неизменным: форма BE (в нужном времени) + Past Participle (V3). В этой статье мы разберём все оставшиеся временные формы пассива и научимся уверенно их различать.
Passive = форма BE (в нужном времени) + V3
Чтобы образовать пассив в любом времени, нужно поставить глагол be в соответствующую временную форму, а основной глагол — в форму V3 (Past Participle).
| Время | Active Voice | Passive Voice | Пример (Passive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | make/makes | am/is/are + V3 | Cars are made in Japan. |
| Past Simple | made | was/were + V3 | The house was built in 1990. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are making | am/is/are being + V3 | The road is being repaired. |
| Past Continuous | was/were making | was/were being + V3 | The house was being painted. |
| Present Perfect | have/has made | have/has been + V3 | The work has been finished. |
| Past Perfect | had made | had been + V3 | The letter had been sent. |
| Future Simple | will make | will be + V3 | The results will be announced. |
| Future (going to) | am/is/are going to make | am/is/are going to be + V3 | The building is going to be demolished. |
| Future Perfect | will have made | will have been + V3 | The project will have been completed. |
Формула: подлежащее + am/is/are being + V3
Используется, когда действие происходит прямо сейчас или в текущий период, и важен объект, а не агент.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The road is being repaired. | The road isn't being repaired. | Is the road being repaired? |
| The documents are being checked. | The documents aren't being checked. | Are the documents being checked? |
| I am being interviewed. | I am not being interviewed. | Am I being interviewed? |
The road is being repaired right now. — Дорогу ремонтируют прямо сейчас. A new hospital is being built in our city. — В нашем городе строят новую больницу. The documents are being processed at the moment. — Документы обрабатываются в данный момент. Don't go in — the floor is being cleaned. — Не входи — пол моют. The food is being prepared for the guests. — Еду готовят для гостей. Why am I being followed? — Почему за мной следят?
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They are repairing the road. | The road is being repaired. |
| Someone is watching us. | We are being watched. |
| The chef is preparing dinner. | Dinner is being prepared. |
Формула: подлежащее + was/were being + V3
Используется для действий, которые были в процессе в определённый момент в прошлом.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The house was being painted. | The house wasn't being painted. | Was the house being painted? |
| The cars were being tested. | The cars weren't being tested. | Were the cars being tested? |
The house was being painted when I arrived. — Дом красили, когда я приехал. The suspect was being questioned by the police. — Подозреваемого допрашивала полиция. While the bridge was being repaired, we used another road. — Пока мост ремонтировали, мы пользовались другой дорогой. The children were being looked after by their grandparents. — За детьми присматривали бабушка с дедушкой. A new system was being installed all day yesterday. — Вчера весь день устанавливали новую систему.
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They were painting the house when I arrived. | The house was being painted when I arrived. |
| The police were questioning the suspect. | The suspect was being questioned by the police. |
Формула: подлежащее + have/has been + V3
Используется для действий, которые завершились к настоящему моменту и важен их результат, а не агент.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The work has been finished. | The work hasn't been finished. | Has the work been finished? |
| The letters have been sent. | The letters haven't been sent. | Have the letters been sent? |
The report has been completed. — Отчёт завершён. All tickets have been sold. — Все билеты проданы. The meeting has been cancelled. — Встречу отменили. A new law has been passed. — Принят новый закон. The suspect has been arrested. — Подозреваемый арестован. Have the results been published yet? — Результаты уже опубликованы? The building hasn't been renovated since 1995. — Здание не ремонтировали с 1995 года.
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They have finished the work. | The work has been finished. |
| Someone has stolen my bag. | My bag has been stolen. |
| The company has hired 50 people. | 50 people have been hired. |
Present Perfect Passive часто используется с: already, just, yet, recently, since, for, never, ever.
The room has already been cleaned. — Комнату уже убрали. Has the email been sent yet? — Письмо уже отправлено? The bridge has never been repaired. — Мост никогда не ремонтировали.
Формула: подлежащее + had been + V3
Используется для действий, которые были завершены до определённого момента в прошлом.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The letter had been sent. | The letter hadn't been sent. | Had the letter been sent? |
| The doors had been locked. | The doors hadn't been locked. | Had the doors been locked? |
The letter had been sent before I called. — Письмо было отправлено до того, как я позвонил. By the time we arrived, dinner had been cooked. — К моменту нашего приезда ужин был приготовлен. The building had been demolished before we moved to the city. — Здание было снесено до того, как мы переехали в город. She realized that her wallet had been stolen. — Она поняла, что её кошелёк украли. All the seats had been taken by the time I got there. — Все места были заняты к тому моменту, когда я пришёл. The project hadn't been approved when the deadline passed. — Проект не был утверждён, когда истёк срок.
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They had sent the letter before I called. | The letter had been sent before I called. |
| Someone had already fixed the problem. | The problem had already been fixed. |
Формула: подлежащее + will be + V3
Используется для предсказаний, обещаний и решений о будущем в пассиве.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The results will be announced. | The results won't be announced. | Will the results be announced? |
| You will be informed. | You won't be informed. | Will you be informed? |
The results will be announced tomorrow. — Результаты объявят завтра. You will be contacted by our manager. — С вами свяжется наш менеджер. The new bridge will be opened next month. — Новый мост откроют в следующем месяце. All passengers will be checked at the gate. — Всех пассажиров проверят у выхода. The meeting won't be held on Friday. — Встреча не состоится в пятницу. Will the report be finished by Monday? — Отчёт будет готов к понедельнику?
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They will announce the results. | The results will be announced. |
| The company will hire new staff. | New staff will be hired. |
Формула: подлежащее + am/is/are going to be + V3
Используется для запланированных действий в будущем.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The building is going to be demolished. | The building isn't going to be demolished. | Is the building going to be demolished? |
| The trees are going to be planted. | The trees aren't going to be planted. | Are the trees going to be planted? |
The building is going to be demolished next month. — Здание собираются снести в следующем месяце. A new school is going to be built in our district. — В нашем районе собираются построить новую школу. The road is going to be widened. — Дорогу собираются расширить. These old computers are going to be replaced. — Эти старые компьютеры собираются заменить.
| will be + V3 | going to be + V3 |
|---|---|
| Предсказание, обещание | План, намерение |
| The results will be published soon. | The house is going to be renovated this summer. |
| Результаты скоро опубликуют. | Дом собираются отремонтировать этим летом. |
Формула: подлежащее + will have been + V3
Используется для действий, которые будут завершены к определённому моменту в будущем.
| Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
|---|---|---|
| The project will have been completed. | The project won't have been completed. | Will the project have been completed? |
By next week, the project will have been completed. — К следующей неделе проект будет завершён. By 2030, the bridge will have been rebuilt. — К 2030 году мост будет перестроен. The report will have been submitted by Friday. — Отчёт будет сдан к пятнице. By the time you arrive, dinner will have been prepared. — К твоему приезду ужин будет приготовлен.
Future Perfect Passive часто используется с: by (к определённому моменту), by the time (к тому времени, как), by next week/month/year.
Некоторые временные формы пассива существуют теоретически, но почти не встречаются в реальной речи:
| Время | Passive (теория) | Почему редко |
|---|---|---|
| Future Continuous | will be being + V3 | Слишком громоздко |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have been being + V3 | Звучит неестественно |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been being + V3 | Практически не используется |
Вместо этих форм используют более простые пассивные конструкции или активный залог.
Пассив после модальных глаголов (can be done, must be done, should have been done) разобран отдельно — Страдательный залог с модальными глаголами.
| Время | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They clean the office. | The office is cleaned. |
| Past Simple | They cleaned the office. | The office was cleaned. |
| Present Continuous | They are cleaning the office. | The office is being cleaned. |
| Past Continuous | They were cleaning the office. | The office was being cleaned. |
| Present Perfect | They have cleaned the office. | The office has been cleaned. |
| Past Perfect | They had cleaned the office. | The office had been cleaned. |
| Future Simple | They will clean the office. | The office will be cleaned. |
| Future (going to) | They are going to clean the office. | The office is going to be cleaned. |
| Future Perfect | They will have cleaned the office. | The office will have been cleaned. |
❌ The road is being repair right now. ✅ The road is being repaired right now. После being нужна форма V3 (repaired), а не V1.
❌ The house was being build when I arrived. ✅ The house was being built when I arrived. Build — неправильный глагол: V3 = built.
❌ The letter has sent yesterday. ✅ The letter was sent yesterday. С yesterday используется Past Simple (was sent), а не Present Perfect. Кроме того, в Present Perfect Passive нужно has been sent.
❌ The work has been finish. ✅ The work has been finished. После has been нужна форма V3 (finished), а не V1.
❌ The report will been submitted tomorrow. ✅ The report will be submitted tomorrow. Future Passive = will be + V3, а не will been.
❌ The building is been demolished. ✅ The building is being demolished. Present Continuous Passive = is being + V3, а не is been.
❌ The meeting has been cancel. ✅ The meeting has been cancelled. Cancel — правильный глагол, V3 = cancelled (в британском английском; в американском — canceled).
❌ By Friday the project will been completed. ✅ By Friday the project will have been completed. Future Perfect Passive = will have been + V3.
❌ The documents are being check now. ✅ The documents are being checked now. После being стоит V3 (checked), а не V1.
❌ Dinner had being cooked before we arrived. ✅ Dinner had been cooked before we arrived. Past Perfect Passive = had been + V3, а не had being.
| Вопрос | Время | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Это происходит регулярно? | Present Simple Passive | The office is cleaned daily. |
| Это произошло в прошлом? | Past Simple Passive | The bridge was built in 1900. |
| Это происходит прямо сейчас? | Present Continuous Passive | The road is being repaired. |
| Это было в процессе в прошлом? | Past Continuous Passive | The house was being painted. |
| Есть результат к настоящему? | Present Perfect Passive | The work has been completed. |
| Было завершено до другого прошлого? | Past Perfect Passive | The letter had been sent. |
| Это произойдёт в будущем? | Future Simple Passive | The results will be announced. |
| Будет завершено к моменту в будущем? | Future Perfect Passive | The project will have been completed. |
Знать правило и применять его — не одно и то же. Линграмора найдёт ошибки и объяснит каждую по-русски. Первые проверки — прямо здесь, без регистрации.
Поставьте be в нужное время и добавьте V3 смыслового глагола: is cleaned, was cleaned, is being cleaned, has been cleaned, will be cleaned. Смысловой глагол всегда стоит в третьей форме, меняется только be.
В was/were + V3: They built the bridge in 1990. → The bridge was built in 1990. Was — с единственным числом, were — со множественным: The letters were sent yesterday.
Was done — действие завершилось: The house was painted last year. — Дом покрасили в прошлом году. Was being done — действие шло в какой-то момент прошлого: The house was being painted when I arrived. — Когда я приехал, дом красили.
Was done — просто событие в прошлом. Had been done — событие, которое произошло раньше другого момента в прошлом: When we arrived, all the tickets had been sold. — Когда мы приехали, все билеты уже были проданы.
Has been done — результат важен сейчас: My bag has been stolen! — У меня украли сумку! Had been done — результат к моменту в прошлом: She realized that her bag had been stolen. — Она поняла, что сумку украли.
В Perfect Continuous (has been being done) и почти никогда — в Future Continuous (will be being done). Вместо них берут Present Perfect или Future Simple Passive либо активный залог.