В разделительном вопросе хвост противоположен утверждению: You like tea, don't you? She can't swim, can she? Таблица хвостов по временам и исключения.
Разделительный вопрос — утверждение и короткий хвост: It's cold, isn't it?
Разделительный вопрос — утверждение с коротким вопросом-хвостом в конце: You're Anna, aren't you? — «Ты ведь Анна, да?» По-русски хвост один на все случаи: «да?», «правда?», «не так ли?». В английском его каждый раз собирают из вспомогательного глагола и местоимения, поэтому универсальное isn't it? — главная ошибка русскоязычных.
| Утверждение | Хвост | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| положительное | отрицательный | You like tea, don't you? — Ты ведь любишь чай? |
| отрицательное | положительный | You don't like tea, do you? — Ты ведь не любишь чай? |
Как собрать хвост:
| Время | Утверждение → хвост | Отрицание → хвост |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | She works here, doesn't she? | You don't eat meat, do you? |
| Present Continuous | They are coming, aren't they? | He isn't listening, is he? |
| Past Simple | You saw it, didn't you? | They didn't call, did they? |
| Past Continuous | It was raining, wasn't it? | You weren't sleeping, were you? |
| Present Perfect | You have finished, haven't you? | She hasn't called, has she? |
| Past Perfect | He had left, hadn't he? | They hadn't met before, had they? |
| Future Simple | You will help, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| be going to | You are going to tell her, aren't you? | You aren't going to tell her, are you? |
Если вспомогательных глаголов несколько, в хвост идёт первый: She has been working all day, hasn't she?
To be и модальные глаголы сами работают как вспомогательные, поэтому повторяются в хвосте:
| Глагол | Утверждение → хвост | Отрицание → хвост |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | She is a doctor, isn't she? | It isn't far, is it? |
| was / were | You were at home, weren't you? | He wasn't there, was he? |
| can | He can swim, can't he? | You can't drive, can you? |
| could | You could ask Tom, couldn't you? | She couldn't come, could she? |
| should | We should go, shouldn't we? | I shouldn't worry, should I? |
| would | It would be nice, wouldn't it? | You wouldn't mind, would you? |
С have хвост зависит от конструкции:
После used to хвост с did: You used to live here, didn't you?
| Случай | Хвост | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I am | aren't I | I'm late, aren't I? — Я опоздал, да? |
| I'm not | am I | I'm not late, am I? — Я ведь не опоздал? |
| Let's | shall we | Let's go, shall we? — Пойдём? |
| Просьба, приказ | will you, would you, can you | Close the door, will you? — Закрой дверь, ладно? |
| Запрет | will you | Don't be late, will you? — Не опаздывай, хорошо? |
| There is, there are | isn't there, aren't there | There's a bank near here, isn't there? — Тут ведь есть банк? |
| Nobody, nothing, never, hardly | положительный хвост | Nobody called, did they? — Никто не звонил, да? |
| Everybody, somebody, nobody | they | Everybody was there, weren't they? — Все ведь там были? |
| Nothing, everything, this, that | it | That's your bag, isn't it? — Это ведь твоя сумка? |
| I think, I suppose + придаточное | к придаточному | I suppose you're tired, aren't you? — Ты, наверное, устал? |
Never, hardly и few («мало») делают предложение отрицательным, как nobody: She never calls, does she? She has few friends, does she? С a few («несколько») хвост обычный: She has a few friends, doesn't she?
Вежливое приглашение — с won't you: Have some more cake, won't you? — Возьмите ещё торта.
| Интонация | Что значит | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| ↗ хвост вверх | не уверены и правда спрашиваете | You've met Tom, haven't you? ↗ — Вы ведь знакомы с Томом? |
| ↘ хвост вниз | уверены и ждёте согласия | It's a lovely day, isn't it? ↘ — Чудесный день, правда? |
На хвост вниз подробно не отвечают — достаточно согласиться: Yes, it is! или Yes, lovely!
Отвечают по фактам, а не по форме хвоста: yes — с утверждением, no — с отрицанием.
| Вопрос | Ответ | Что значит |
|---|---|---|
| You don't eat meat, do you? | No, I don't. | Не ем — вы правы. |
| Yes, I do. | Ем — вы ошиблись. | |
| It's cold, isn't it? | Yes, it is. | Да, холодно. |
| No, it isn't. | Нет, не холодно. |
По-русски на «Ты не ешь мясо, да?» отвечают «Да, не ем». По-английски это No, I don't.
| ❌ Неправильно | ✅ Правильно | Почему |
|---|---|---|
| You live in Moscow, isn't it? | You live in Moscow, don't you? | Хвост — из глагола предложения: live → do |
| She is a teacher, isn't it? | She is a teacher, isn't she? | В хвосте — местоимение подлежащего |
| You have finished, don't you? | You have finished, haven't you? | Вспомогательный глагол уже есть — have |
| I'm right, amn't I? | I'm right, aren't I? | Формы amn't в стандартном английском нет |
| Let's start, don't we? | Let's start, shall we? | После Let's — shall we |
| Nobody came, didn't they? | Nobody came, did they? | Nobody — уже отрицание, хвост положительный |
| There is a problem, isn't it? | There is a problem, isn't there? | There повторяется в хвосте |
| You don't eat meat, do you? — Yes, I don't. | You don't eat meat, do you? — No, I don't. | Отвечают по фактам: no + отрицание |
В разговоре вместо хвоста часто говорят right? — You're coming, right? Так можно, но в упражнениях и на экзаменах ждут полный хвост.
Знать правило и применять его — не одно и то же. Линграмора найдёт ошибки и объяснит каждую по-русски. Первые проверки — прямо здесь, без регистрации.
К утверждению добавляют хвост из вспомогательного глагола и местоимения. После утверждения хвост отрицательный, после отрицания — положительный: You like tea, don't you? She can't swim, can she? Если вспомогательного глагола нет, берут do, does или did.
Aren't I: I'm late, aren't I? Формы amn't в стандартном английском нет. Если в предложении отрицание, хвост положительный — am I: I'm not late, am I?
После Let's — shall we: Let's dance, shall we? После просьбы — will you, вежливее — would you или could you: Close the window, will you? После запрета — тоже will you: Don't tell anyone, will you?
Nobody, no one и nothing — отрицательные слова, поэтому хвост положительный: Nobody called, did they? Вместо nobody, somebody и everybody в хвосте ставят they: Everybody was there, weren't they? Вместо nothing и everything — it: Nothing happened, did it?
По фактам, а не по хвосту. You don't eat meat, do you? — No, I don't, если не едите (по-русски «да, не ем»), и Yes, I do, если едите.